Large eddy simulation/probability density function simulations of bluff body stabilized flames

0 10 20 30 −50 0 50 100 150 r (mm) U (m /s ) x/DB = 0.2 0 10 20 30 −10 −5 0 5 10 r (mm) V (m /s ) x/DB = 0.2 0 10 20 30 −50 0 50 100 150 r (mm) U (m /s ) x/DB = 0.6 0 10 20 30 −10 −5 0 5 10 r (mm) V (m /s ) x/DB = 0.6 0 10 20 30 −50 0 50 100 150 r (mm) U (m /s ) x/DB = 1.4 0 10 20 30 −10 −5 0 5 10 x/DB = 1.4 r (mm) V (m /s ) Experiment Raman et al. LES/HPDF Liu et al. Merci et al. Fig. 1. Mean velocity plots for the HM1e simulation. Left: radial plots of the Favre-averaged axial velocity at three different axial locations: x 1⁄4 0:2DB; x 1⁄4 0:6DB , and x 1⁄4 1:4DB . Right: plots of the Favre-averaged radial velocity at the same locations. As noted in the text, the LES/HPDF profiles are scaled by a factor of 108=118, in order to account for the velocity difference between flames HM1 and HM1e. P.P. Popov, S.B. Pope / Combustion and Flame 161 (2014) 3100–3133 3101